The term "stem cell" (German: Stammzelle) was proposed for common use by the Russian histologist Alexander Maksimov (1874-1928). Using the methods of his time he described and demonstrated hematopoietic stem cells, the term was introduced namely for them.
Ernest McCulloch and James Till demonstrated the presence of self-renewing cells in mouse bone marrow.
Joseph Altman and Gopal D. Das (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) presented the scientific evidence of neurogenesis in the adult organism, the constant activity of stem cells in the brain. Their findings contradicted the dogma of Ramon&Cajal that nerve cells are not born in the adult body, and were largely ignored.
The ability to restore hematopoiesis in the recipient after bone marrow transplantation was proven. Bone marrow transplantation in an eight year old boy leads to healing from a severe form of immunodeficiency. The donor was his sister, having a compatible set of human leukocyte antigens (HLA).
Alexander Yakovlevich Friedenshtein isolated from the guinea-pig bone marrow, successfully cultivated and described fibroblast-like cells, which were subsequently called "multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells."
Hematopoietic stem cells were found in umbilical cord blood.
Mouse embryonic stem cells were derived from embryoblast (the inner cell mass of a blastocyst) by the scientists Martin Evans, Matthew Kaufman, and independently by Gail R. Martin. The introduction of the term "embryonic stem cell" is attributed to Gail Martin.
Eliane Gluckman conducted the first successful transplantation of umbilical cord blood HSCs in a patient with Fanconi anemia. E. Gluckman has proven the effectiveness and safety of the use of umbilical cord blood. Since then, the cord blood is widely used in transplantation.
Neural stem cells were obtained in vitro. Development of protocols for their cultivation in the form of neurospheres.
Creation of the first stem cells bank. Professor David Harris has frozen umbilical cord blood stem cells of his first child. Today David Harris - is the Director of the world's largest bank of cord blood stem cells.
The first operation for transplantation of umbilical cord blood stem cells in a cancer patient was carried out in Russia.
143 cord blood transplantations have been carried out in 45 medical centers around the world for 10 years.
James Thomson and his colleagues from the University of Wisconsin in Madison derived the first line of human ESCs.
The world's first transplantation of autologous cord blood stem cells in a girl with neuroblastoma (brain tumor). By this year the total number of operations for umbilical cord blood transplantation had exceeded 600.
Science magazine recognized the discovery of embryonic stem cells as the third most important event in biology after decoding the DNA double helix and the project "Human Genome".
A series of articles about the plasticity of stem cells of the mature organism, that is, their ability to differentiate into the cellular components of various tissues and organs, was published.
The Journal of the National Academy of Sciences of USA (PNAS USA) published a report, telling that after 15 years of storage in liquid nitrogen cord blood stem cells fully retain their biological properties. Since then, the cryogenic storage of stem cells has been regarded as a "biological insurance". The World's bank of stem cells, stored in flasks, has reached 72,000 samples. As of September 2003, 2,592 transplantations of umbilical cord blood stem cells have been performed in the world, 1,012 of which - in adult patients.
392 transplantations of autologous (patient's own) stem cells have been performed during the period from 1996 to 2004.
Scientists from the University of California in Irvine made an injection of human neural stem cells into rats with traumatic spinal cord injury, and were able to partially restore the ability of rats to move around.
The list of diseases, in the treatment of which stem cell transplantation has been successfully applied, reaches several dozens. The focus is on the treatment of malignant neoplasms, various forms of leukemia and other blood diseases. There are reports of successful transplantation of stem cells in patients with cardiovascular and nervous systems diseases. Various research centers are conducting studies for the use of stem cells in the treatment of myocardial infarction and heart failure. International protocols for treating multiple sclerosis have been developed. Scientists look for approaches to the treatment of stroke, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
The journal Cell publishes the study of Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka, dedicated to the method to return differentiated cells to a pluripotent state. The era of induced pluripotent stem cells begins.
The researchers of Wake Forest University (North Carolina, USA) under the direction of Dr. Anthony Atala of Harvard Medical School reported the discovery of a new type of stem cells, found in amniotic fluid (delivery waters). They can be a potential replacement for ESCs in the research and therapy.
Three independent research groups reported, that mature mouse skin cells can be reprogrammed into a state of ESCs. The same month, scientist Shukhrat Mitalipov announced the generation of a primate stem cell line through therapeutic cloning.
The journal Cell published a study of Katsutoshi Takagashi and Shinya Yamanaka "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mature human fibroblasts under certain factors", and the journal Science published an article "Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human somatic cells" by Dzhuning Y., in collaboration with other scientists of the research group of James Thomson. It has been proven, that it is possible to induce virtually any mature human cell and give it properties of a stem cell, resulting in the elimination of the need to destroy the embryos in the lab, but the risks of carcinogenesis in relation to the MYC gene and retroviral gene transfer are to be defined.
Cloned human blastocysts were cultured through therapeutic cloning.
Robert Lanza and colleagues at Advanced Cell Technology and the University of California in San Francisco derived the first human ESCs without destruction of the embryo.
Pluripotent stem cells were derived from mouse liver and stomach, these induced cells were closer to embryonic stem cells than the induced stem cells, which were derived earlier, and they were not carcinogenic. Furthermore, genes, required for induction of pluripotent cells, are not necessary to be placed in a definite area that promotes nonviral technologies for reprogramming cells.
The first publication of the medical research of doctors of the Regenerative Sciences Institute, dedicated to the successful regeneration of cartilage in the human knee joint, when using mature autologous MSCs.
Sabine Conrad and colleagues at Tübingen (Germany) derived pluripotent stem cells from spermatogonial cells of the mature human eggs in vitro by culturing under leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supplementation.
Embryonic-like stem cells were derived from a single human hair.
Andras Nagy, Keisuke Kaji and colleagues discovered a way to produce embryonic-like stem cells from normal adult cells by using an innovative "wrapping" procedure to deliver specific genes to adult cells to reprogram them into stem cells without the risks, which that arise in the use of viruses. The use of electroporation is said to allow for the insertion of genes into the cell.
Kim Gvansu and his colleagues at Harvard announced that they had devised a way to manipulate skin cells to create patient specific "induced pluripotent stem cells" (iPS), claiming it to be the 'ultimate stem cell solution'.
Israeli researcher Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun led a group of scientists, which had derived the first stem cells of endangered species. This is a breakthrough that could save animals in danger of extinction.
Administering to patients stem cells, taken from their own bone marrow after three or seven days after myocardial infarction, is a safe but ineffective treatment - these are the results of a clinical study, conducted under support of the National Institutes of Health, USA. However, studies by German specialists in the department of cardiology in Hamburg showed positive results in the treatment of heart failure, but not myocardial infarction.
For the first time in the history of science a group of Japanese researchers, led by Professor Mitinori Saito of Kyoto University, were able to grow eggs from stem cells. These eggs were then fertilized and produced healthy baby offspring in laboratory mice. October 5 in the electronic edition of the scientific journal "Science", they suggested that their findings will contribute to a solution to the problem of infertility.
A research group of the Center for research and application of stem cells at the University of Kyoto grew renal, adrenal tissues and reproductive cells from stem cells: the researchers derived five types of kidney cells, as well as grew a fragment of the renal tubule, involved in blood filtration.
An international team of researchers from the United States announced that for the first time in history they had managed to generate new human stem cells through cloning the native body cells.
The key to success of Stemphys is the cooperation with one of Japan's leading healthcare corporation, which has the most extensive network of clinics in various specializations. The Clinic, located directly in the Japanese capital - the city of Tokyo, has focused its efforts on the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the field of rejuvenation using mesenchymal stem cells.
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What is regenerative medicine?
Regenerative medicine is the clinical process to repair injured tissues and organs through the use of human cells. In our treatments, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are taken from your fat, cultivated and put back in your body, repairing your damaged tissues. |
What are mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)?
In the many and different kinds of cells of which our body is made up of, MSCs are young and primitive cells which function in repairing tissues and keeping them healthy. As we grow older the number of MSCs decreases gradually. |
How many clients have been treated?
As of April 2012,We have treated around 250 clients. Most of them have recovered from condition and have improved their health. |
How much fat is needed?
We require about 4-10ml of fat. With such a small amount there is no risk of damage left where fat is collected. |
